Shirky's post is generating some good discussion on the Web.
Newspapers and Thinking the Unthinkable
http://www.shirky.com/weblog/2009/03/newspapers-and-thinking-the-unthinkable/
Worth reading - if anything an example of a good discussion piece for a range of courses, and an example of how to build an argument. Shirky links the demise of the newspaper business with the dawn of the printing press, an inflection point in history and a time we will look back on as unsettled. We do not know what will replace the newspaper, or how the social good that newspaper provide will be replaced, only that that the existing newspaper business model is unsustainable.
I have a deep interest in failure. Perhaps influenced by my own biography of participating in failures including Britannica.com Education (BritannicaU) and recently the imminent closing (as a separate College) of the online/hybrid Leadership Program that I helped develop and have taught in.
What can we learn in our higher education business from those in the newspaper and music businesses?
The first question is how similar are the industries?
As educators we identify with journalists (at least I do) - we think if things had been a little different we may have ended up in the newsroom instead of the classroom. We both tell stories for a living. We are both driven by a curiosity about the world. We both think what we do means something.
The failure of the music industry to deal with the digital age (see Appetite for Self-Destruction by Knopper) parallels those of newspapers.
The music industry and higher ed?
Perhaps we both enjoyed a long run in controlling the delivery and packaging of our product? For us the course, for them the CD. The music industry got disintermediated, their content broken down into chunks (downloads of songs), and freely shared in the market. Certainly learning now does not need to be delivered at the course level, and just as record labels once controlled the content (artists, CD's) etc., colleges and universities don't control all the educational content that is freely available and compelling on the Web (from TED talks on out).
The big difference, of course, is that colleges and universities are not really selling an education or learning, we are selling a credential. We have the power to confer the degree, the diploma. The scarcity is the credential, and the rarer that credential the more valuable in the marketplace.
The danger, as I see it, is for the credential and the learning to increasingly diverge.
The opportunities for learning beyond the walls of higher education continue to expand. We know about the proliferation of amazing educational content on the Web (Talks@Google is one of my favorites...and of course iTunesU could keep any student busy for a while). You may say, "but learning is social" - and I'd say that social learning sites such as Ning are quickly scaling in people, methods and tools to provide wonderful social learning opportunities.
So what is to be done? How can colleges and universities avoid the fates of newspapers and record labels, and thrive in the digital, Web 2.0, world?
Some ideas (none of which are original and I think pretty much what we try to do each day):
- Divest ourselves of the idea that our job is to transmit content (and then assess how well that content has been absorbed). Accept that content is abundant.
- Invest in methods and that promote students as the creators and sharers of content.
- Personalize learning environments to play to students strengths and help them discover and nurture their passions.
- Value and support multiple intelligences, and help our students discover where their intelligences match with communities filled with folks with similar brains.
- Continually strive to incorporate the learning material being produced outside our walls within our courses, while concurrently working to get the learning material we are producing into the larger discussion.
- Encourage experimentation at every level of learning.
The dangers of failing to close a gap between the value of the credential and the opportunities for learning outside of the credential are many.
I think that the greatest risk we face is one of relevancy. Students will continue to come to our lectures and take our tests, but we risk them doing so primarily for the grade, the credit and the degree rather then in pursuit of learning. From my experience, the ratio of engaged learning (process based) to goal oriented (grade/credit) is directly proportional to class size. Learning is difficult to scale.
Why sit through a lecture and exams when one can learn what one is truly interested and passionate about by downloading great lectures to an iPod and discussing topics on a social network? Wesch has warned about the danger of the traditional college class gaining in numbers but simultaneously declining in relevance to our students.
Absent an insistence on authentic learning, there is little to stop our classes from getting larger and continuously stressed for resources. This danger is most apparent at our public and state institutions, where funding cuts have increased class sizes and cut course offerings. Absent an insistence on authentic learning the less we will invest in new methods, tools and technologies that promote knowledge creation and collaboration. Schools that protect and prioritize learning will thrive in the long-run.
Perhaps the lesson of the newspaper industry and the music industry is that we need to keep focused on the real product of education, that is learning, and be willing to adapt and embrace new tools, methods and techniques. We need to stay focused on supporting learning, even if this means changing much of what we have always done (and have grown comfortable with) up until this time.
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